Red moles on the body or angiomas – hyperplasia of blood vessels, which is benign in nature and is formed as a result of their excessive germination. Multiple growths are called hemangiomas. As a rule, red moles on the body appear in childhood. However, they are also acquired and often seen in adults.
What is a red mole
Until now, scientists have not been able to determine whether hemangiomas are a pathology or a vascular neoplasm that has a hereditary and congenital character. But with great certainty it can be stated that hemangioma occurs as a result of the growth of the vascular endothelium (flat cells that line the lymphatic or blood vessels), which indicates the tumor nature of the phenomenon. Thus, red moles on the body are considered precisely vascular neoplasms.
A red neoplasm in the form of a mole (nevus) is an overgrown vascular tissue, since its internal cavity is filled with blood. Ordinary nevi are dermatological neoplasms, and angioma is an overgrown vessel that has come to the surface of the skin. They may be single or multiple. Sometimes multiple vessels merge, forming a significant conglomerate of a bluish or dark red hue.
Why red moles appear
Small red moles, sometimes the size of a dot, appear even during fetal development as a result of pathological disorders in the formation of vascular tissue, which are the result of abnormal fetal development.
However, the exact causes of angioma development have not yet been established. Most often they are localized on the face, since it is here that there are many vascular branches.
Red nevi in children
When organs are formed in the fetus, then all its cells need oxygen and nutrition. So, it is pierced by multiple vessels that pass through a chain of pericytic cells (vascular). As a result of some intrauterine developmental disorders, fetal tissues feel a lack of oxygen. In this case, pericytic cells instantly react to oxygen deficiency and try to eliminate it.
They begin to actively form new sources of blood supply that eliminate the problem. In some cases, for unknown reasons, this process becomes uncontrolled, and specific proteins are reproduced in large quantities even when hypoxia has already been eliminated. So, the vascular tissue continues to grow, forming an angioma.
Thus, education indicates a violation of the growth process of vascular tissue. In order to find out exactly how this happens, it is necessary to follow how the intrauterine development of the fetus takes place. Currently, there are only studies obtained from the results of aborted material or stillborn babies.
Very often, congenital nevi in newborns disappear by the age of five.
They are not dangerous if:
- do not disturb, do not hurt and do not itch;
- do not increase in size by 3 times or more;
- are not localized on the face, nose, above and below the eyes, and on the genitals.
Angiomas can grow excessively in the first months of a child’s life. Therefore, in these cases they are removed. After all, growing nevus damages and destroys neighboring tissues, contributing to the appearance of not only a cosmetic defect, but also a functional one. In this case, the normal operation of the organ is impossible, since it compresses it with overgrown tissues.
Red nevi in adults
The appearance of angiomas in adults occurs as a result of malfunctions in the hormonal system. This is most often observed during pregnancy, lactation or menopause, as well as as a result of taking hormonal drugs and pathologies of the endocrine system.
The appearance and growth of angiomas causes radiation, ultraviolet radiation, chemical agents and various viral infections. A lack of vitamin C can also provoke the development of vascular tumors.
The presence of multiple hemangiomas may indicate diseases of the internal organs, but their localization does not indicate a problem in this area, where there is a large accumulation of them.
If small vessels are constantly damaged, then this can lead to the formation of this neoplasm.
It should be noted that hemangiomas do not occur in adulthood as primary neoplasms. They arise only as a result of proliferation of the vascular endothelium. In children, the treatment of such formations is carried out until school age.
Therefore, if they are observed on the body of an adult, then they simply were not cured in a timely manner, or they are located on the internal organs. The most dangerous place for localization of hemangioma is the vertebral body. Growing it is able to weaken its structure, which leads to the development of fractures.
Localization of hemangiomas
Red neoplasms can be seen on the baby’s body immediately after birth. Most often, moles are observed in girls, they account for almost 50% of all soft tissue neoplasms diagnosed in childhood.
They can be located around the entire perimeter of the skin, but are most often localized in the upper body. They can also be observed on the internal organs: the liver, brain, lungs and bones.
They may have:
- simple education;
- cavernous;
- mixed type.
As a rule, simple nevi are located on the surface of the skin. Under the skin are cavernous angiomas. Combined angiomas are located on the skin and under it. Mixed neoplasms contain, in addition to vascular tissue, nervous or connective tissue.
Types of red moles
They can be:
- cavernous;
- capillary;
- simple;
- mixed;
- combined;
- congenital;
- acquired.
Cavernous hemangiomas
They are formed from cavities of various shapes and sizes. They are composed of cellular endothelium similar to capillary endothelium. When the cavity ruptures, the papillae of the nevus come out through the lumen that has appeared. In fact, cavernous hemangioma is localized completely under the skin. The skin above it is clean, and the mole itself is bluish in color.
The blood vessels that feed it can show through the skin. The hemangioma may or may not be encapsulated. Without a capsule, the borders of the nevus are blurred and do not have clear forms. It also shrinks in size when pressed on. The skin over the nevus has a higher temperature, and on palpation, you can feel the lobules of which it consists.
Capillary
They are formed from layers or a group of vessels that are closely pressed against each other. Vessels resemble epithelial cells, and tightly spaced vessels are filled with blood. In some cases, fused capillaries form lobules that are separated by a specific tissue -…
